Import statement allows you to utilize packages with useful data and methods that would otherwise be unavailable.

An instance field is a variable that's bound to the object itself. It can be used in the object without the need of an accessor. Any method contained within the object can use it.

Instance methods are methods within an object.

Constructors are special methods that are called when an object is instantiated.

The if statement will be executed if the boolean expression in the parenthesis is true.

In the if/else statement, the if block will be executed if the boolean expression in the parenthesis is true, otherwise the else block will be executed.

In the if/else if statement the if block will be executed if the boolean expression in the first parenthesis is true. If it's not true it will check the next parenthesis's boolean expression and if that is true it will execute the else if block statement and it will continue until it finds a true boolean expression.

A switch statement allows a variable to be tested for equality against a list of values. Each value is called a case, and the variable being switched on is checked for each case.

The .equals method needs to be used to compare different strings.

DecimalFormat allows you to format numbers in specific ways.

A while loop will run the block statement over and over as long as the boolean expression in the parenthesis is true.

A Do/While Loop will execute the block statement once and then repeat the block statement as long as the boolean express in the parenthesis after while is true.

A for loop is a loop that utilizes a counter to control the amount of times the loop repeats.

Running total is a variable that continously accumulates.

Sentinel Value is a special value that is used to terminate a loop.

Overloading methods is when a class has multiple methods with different argument lists.

Overloading constructors is when there are multiple constructors with different argument lists.

Static class is a class that can be access without instantiating an object of the class.

Aggregation is when an object is used as a field.

This is a keyword to refer to a field within the object's class.

toString is a string that is used an object needs a string representation.

Equals method is used to compare two objects.

An array is an object that can hold multiple variables of the same type.

Arraylist is a class that supports dynamic arrays that can shrink and grow as required.

Binary search searches a sorted array by dividing the search interval in half.

Selection Sort sorts an array.

Extending a class allows a class to inherit properties and methods of its parent class.

Polymorphism is the ability for an object to take on many forms. The most common form of this is when a parent class reference is used to refer to child class objects.

Interface is an abstract type that holds methods that are required when implemented into classes.

Exception handling is used to respond to occurrences that will change how a program executes.

Throwing an exception will create an error where an error might not have been.